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The federal government has distributed posters announcing that in the past few years the number of poor in Brazil has diminished by 2.6 million. It is lamentable that a reduction of 2.6 million people, out of a total of at least 70 million poor, would justify such publicity.
At this rate, Brazil will take more than 50 years to eradicate poverty. Even worse, however, is the fact that the publicity campaign is based upon research indicating that those Brazilians' income crossed the poverty line of 115 reais per month, or US$ 2 per day. According to this logic, these families left poverty behind because they began to receive several dozen more reais per month. In reality, at the most they received the equivalent to what the researchers, government executives or publicity people responsible for the campaign spend, individually, on a single dinner. Without counting the wine or whiskey consumed. Setting the poverty line at less than the cost of a dinner proves that Brazil is indifferent to the level of poverty in the country and that it lacks logic in defining poverty based upon income. What is needed for the struggle against poverty in Brazil is an awakening of national indignation to the reality so that everyone will stop accepting the social tragedy surrounding and shaming us. To struggle correctly for the abolition of exclusion, we must also change the logic with which we define poverty. The poverty line cannot be crossed with the price of a dinner. Or the price of ten dinners. The poverty line is not horizontal, based upon income. It is vertical, based upon the families' access to essential goods and services. What makes a family poor is not the income it receives. It is, rather, the quality of the services the family uses: food; healthcare; education; water and sewerage connections; public transportation; security; culture; information. Some of those goods and services are offered in the marketplace and require income for purchase. But for others, like healthcare, education, water and sewerage connections, it is not possible to rely upon the marketplace. Access must be assured. The ticket from exclusion to inclusion does not consist in crossing a horizontal line, thanks to a monthly amount of money equivalent to an economist's dinner. This passage implies - and this is important - changing sides, crossing the vertical line that separates those who have access to the essential from those who do not. It is not simply monthly income that defines who is or who is not poor. Because with the exception of food and transportation, almost all the essential services must be public in order to be universal. Either public services are guaranteed to all or they are not for everyone because only the income of the rich permits them to purchase these services. It would be impossible to increase the minimum wage to an amount sufficient to pay for school, healthcare, water and sewerage systems installation, reliable security. In no country is universal access to those services provided by the marketplace. Even rich countries offer the essential services publicly, not through acquisition of the minimum wage. Those who affirm that the poverty line is horizontal, and can be crossed by the price of one of their dinners, are playing sleight of hand with the reality of poverty, and thus, the roads to overcoming it. But this is difficult to understand when one succumbs to the vice of viewing everything through the optic of income and is consequently imprisoned by the definitions of the economy. The "dinner line" is the major obstacle in the struggle against poverty because it impedes the vision of reality and also hides the insensitivity of the studious, the politicians, the publicity people. They all have money to pay for a dinner but are impoverished, very impoverished, when it comes to sensitivity and logic. They side with those who live without indignation, without understanding. To confront the social poverty of those going without, we first need to overcome the poverty in ethics and logic of those who study, write, make decisions, and divulge campaigns about a social inclusion that comes down to crossing their own "dinner line." This is a line that demonstrates the stupidity of the logic and the indifference to the wrong. It is the worse of all poverty: the lack of intelligence and of feelings. Cristovam Buarque has a Ph.D. in economics. He is the candidate of the PDT to the presidency of Brazil in the October 2006 elections. Buarque is also a senator for the Federal District and was Governor of the Federal District (1995-98) and Minister of Education (2003-04). You can visit his homepage - www.cristovam.com.br - and write to him at
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. Translated from the Portuguese by Linda Jerome -
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