|
 Brazilian government approved last month a project
for producing a cheap personal computer for the masses
that could cost as low as $300. The new PCs will be going
first to schools, libraries, health posts and community institutions and clubs.
By Paulo Rebêlo
Researchers from UFMG (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais—Federal University of
Minas Gerais) have developed a computer prototype with a 500 MHz equivalent processor, 64
Mb RAM, an Ethernet network card, a 56k modem, 14" monitor, sound and video cards,
serial and USB ports, mouse and keyboard, that could cost as low as $300.
Despite the lack of CD-ROM, floppy and hard disk, the popular PC is focused on
lower-income families who can't afford to buy an ordinary computer. People won't be able
to save files, unless they make an upgrade, but the main role of the computer will be
accessing the Internet.
The PC, however, will be primarily used in social programs from the government's FUST
(Fundo de Universalização das Telecomunicações—Fund for the Universalization of
Communication), which already has a $500,000-yearly budget. The government intends to buy
the first shipment of PC's to equip schools, libraries, health posts and communities, in
order to provide easy access to the Internet.
The PPC (Popular PC) was created thanks to $75,000 investment. To create the cheap
machine, researchers used accessories widely available in Brazil's market. For Roberto
Begonha, head of the University's computer science department, "the intention was to
build a computer with the minimum requirements and that could be produced at a very low
cost."
The final product was supposed to be ready in April, 2001, and any company willing to
support or to manufacture the PC may find all the necessary information at CG's website: www.cg.org.br—CG (Comitê Gestor da Internet
no Brasil) is the national regulator committee for the Internet in Brazil.
The software for use with the cheap PC will be ready only in May, according to CG's
officials. Since there's no hard drive, the applications must use a 16 MB flash memory
card. Of course, it won't be a Microsoft Windows or any kind of paid software. The project
will use free, public-domain software, including an Internet browser and a word processor.
Sérgio Campos, project coordinator of the PPC, explains that the secret of low costs
is to "dismiss the superfluous, like hard drives, floppy and CD-ROM." According
to Campos, the PPC doesn't have any structural difference from an ordinary computer and
people may upgrade it with any components they wish.
The operating system is a Linux custom package (still in development by UFMG)
with Xwindows, KDE and basic applications as a browser, word processor, spreadsheet and
others. How it will fit in 16 MB, no one exactly knows. What is known, tough, is that
users will be encouraged to use the Internet for all their needs: e-mail, personal
documents, file storage etc. Not much different from the NetPC proposed in the US years
ago.
While many believe Brazil has several more social needs than providing computers for
the masses, others are categorical in supporting the initiative that could decrease the
clamorous digital divide in Brazil and increase the Internet use. The program has created
a partnership with state bank Caixa Econômica Federal. Thanks to this the machine may be
bought in 24 installments—about $15 each month.
Some people, however, are still heavily incredulous about the popular PC. For them,
it's just a waste of public money and another way for a few companies to benefit from the
government money. Only time will say.
Uniform Time
Soon, the Internet in Brazil may receive a heavy increase in e-commerce and net sales.
In a CG's promising initiative, all national servers and providers could adopt a unique
time zone for exchanging and trading information, such as commercial transactions, forms
and ordinary data.
The idea is to create a default work time for ISP's (Internet Service Providers) in
order to facilitate the e-commerce penetration and, at the same time, avoid security
problems. As soon as the system gets ready, the Comitê Gestor intends to invest in a
public campaign and there'll be a list with all the ISPs who adopt the new protocol.
A Stratum 1 server is already installed at the National Observatory in Rio de Janeiro.
The Stratum 1, which uses atomic time, allows the national server clocks over the Internet
to be adjusted in a unique zone.
According to CG's officials, either ISPs or net users won't have to pay anything for
the changes. Also, users aren't supposed to notice the difference while browsing the Web
or working with the Internet, since the changes would be made internally only, not
affecting users behavior because only secure servers—mostly e-commerce—would be
allowed to "understand" and communicate between each other using the specific
time zone.
International Alliance
After the free-fall of many American and European dotcom companies, Brazil's time has
come. Several Brazilian dotcoms started firing its employees, especially Globo.com, which
fired more than half of its staff. Globo.com is the Internet arm of Globo TV, Brazilian
largest TV network and the fourth largest in the world right after ABC, CBS and NBC.
Things seem a little greener at UOL's garden. Universo Online (aka UOL) is the biggest
ISP in Brazil and Latin America, with more than 900.000 subscribers who pay for its
services and content. UOL (www.uol.com.br) has
made a deal with PT Multimídia (aka PTM), an arm of Portugal Telecom, which includes a
possible incorporation of Zip.Net (www.zip.net),
which is controlled by PTM. Zip.Net was born in 1998 from a free e-mail initiative in
Brazil and the whole portal was sold in February/2000 to the Portuguese for $365 million.
The fusion between UOL and Zip.Net is yet to be decided and, until now, no one has been
dismissed. According to UOL's officials, only time—and the market—will say if
both portals will continue to act independently or not.
Paulo Rebêlo (rebelo@gmx.net) is a staff
writer at Webinsider: www.webinsider.com.br
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