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Carnaval Has Made Brazil’s Mafia Untouchable PDF Print E-mail
2005 - February 2005
Written by Alberto Dines   
Saturday, 19 February 2005 21:39

Jogo do bicho or animal's lottery is a Brazilian MafiaThe Globo’s series of articles about dangerous connections and ever growing evident relations between samba schools and organized crime are extremely important. The subject is taboo, the type everyone knows about but no one has the courage to investigate.

The Rio newspaper is strictly alone: local competitors aren’t big enough to penetrate such risky territory, national papers have not yet decided that the time is right to hitch a ride, and even the electronic media, including Globo Network, keeps a respectable distance from the explosive issue.

The big truth is that the “jogo do bicho” or “animal’s game” (an illegal lottery with animal characters) has been going on for many decades because it has been able to position itself in a gray area, partly-accepted, partly-combated.

Media calls it infraction (contravenção), illicit that doesn’t quite constitute crime. And herein begins the swampy territory of euphemisms, ambiguities, and masquerades that gave the bicho its aura of impunity.

It’s no crime to make a small bet, but it is crime to contract the killing of bicho bookies. The lottery game is much more than a harmless wager that takes place at the street corner, it is a conglomerate of activities that intertwine and converge, some apparently licit, while others evasive and criminal.

Just as it happened with the Italian mafia whose initial business was selling protection, the bicho hardly escapes narcotraffick’s seductive billions.

TV’s Role

The relationship with samba schools and, most of all, the political circles that surrounded them gave the bicho an unbeatable alibi. The idea that Carnaval is the most important popular celebration in Brazil and, therefore, is above the law, offers the bicho an arsenal of cover-ups and an impressive longevity.

It just happens that the popular celebration is now history, property of magnanimous elites that leave only crumbs to the masses. The shady deals between big brewers, showbiz, and school theme sponsors is a business of royals, a mix of political and commercial marketing under the shield of pure and simple populism.

The merit of the reports from the Globo’s is in spontaneously taking the initiative, compelled by facts. It doesn’t look like an accusatory or moralistic crusade thought up by the paper’s task assigner, but a legitimate journalist mopping up operation.

Suite transformed into debate. The first in many years. Despite having begun after the follies, it can become permanent topic, capable of generating antidotes, correcting aberrations, and separating the chaff from the wheat.

One thing is certain, however: TV cannot form alliances. If we want to show how crime and racketeering have infiltrated Brazil’s society, if we want to protect samba, Carnaval, and genuine popular festivities, television will have to step up to the runway to clean it out.

If it stays outside, it’s an accomplice.

Alberto Dines, the author, is a journalist, founder and researcher at LABJOR—Laboratório de Estudos Avançados em Jornalismo (Laboratory for Advanced Studies in Journalism) at UNICAMP (University of Campinas) and editor of the Observatório da Imprensa.  You can reach him by email at obsimp@ig.com.br.

Translated from the Portuguese by Eduardo Assumpção de Queiroz. He is a freelance translator, with a degree in Business and almost 20 years of experience working in the fields of economics, communications, social and political sciences, and sports. He lives in São Paulo, Brazil. His email: eaqus@terra.com.br.



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Comments (20)Add Comment
Carnaval is a crime
written by Guest, February 20, 2005
The Carnaval celebration in Brasil is the single most damaging event in Rio, perhaps Brasil. The crimiality and morality behind Carnaval, can be used to describe the roots of most of our evil. First, the poor, the people most impacted by Carnaval are taught from birth, that the activites surrounding Carnaval are the most important things in their lives...even more important than a good education, and a good job. Throughout most of the year leading up to Carnaval, the elite turn there heads while the criminals prepare. The bicheros, which the author correctly points out are the main benificiaries of Carnaval, kill each other, and innocent bystanders in fights for the best spots in the city to conduct their game. This year several leading "bicheros" were assinated leading up to Carnaval, one school actually had a huge video screen paying homage to a leading bichero murder and criminal that was assisinated. A Federal judge was outraged and began an investigation...yesterday Globo reported that this judge has requested Federal protection becuase of threats to his life. A popular School of Samba President, was assinated by Bicheros, as he chose a Queen for the school not of their liking. His body was found in the favela "micorwave" a place where bodies are burned by buring tires. I took weeks to identify his remains as there were so many bodies in the "micrwave", it's sad, but we actually laugh about places in the microwave. The author also correctly points out the shady deals conducted wih the cites and schools by the major breweries...he did not mention the deals done by the large communications companies as well. Carnaval equals corruption, indeed most of the curroption and violence we all bitch about end up somewhere near the Schools of Samba. But as the author points out...no one has the guts to fully expose and do something, as it would be a blood bath in Rio like none ever seen before. I appreciate the attempt by Globo to bring this problem to the forefront, but we have little hope for reform, Carnaval will continue to be a major criminal activity as long as the rich spend there money, and the tourists bring their dollars.
...
written by Guest, February 20, 2005
Really? This is indeed fascinating for someone who knows diddly about Carnaval, and from what you and Mr. Dines have just written, it seems my ignorance is not just because of the geography that seperates me from this event, but is also due, in part, to - if I may - a "conspiracy" among the media, large contributors and criminals to keep this side of Carnaval in the dark.

Who ever posted the last blog, please write some more and give us a few more details if you can. It´s something that´s rarely talked about, at least among my peers. I´d appreciate learning more.
Quite facinating
written by Guest, February 21, 2005
Having ventured to Brasil twice in the past year from my far NW home in N. America I found it interesting the amount of attention given to Carnival. Life seems to come to a halt across the land. I can see how illeagal activities could be such a problem with an event so pervasive as this, but given human nature it isn't surprising such exploitataion occurrs and so many different players willingly, or unwillingly are bed partners.
An American in Brasil
written by Guest, February 22, 2005
I am also facinated by this story. I am an American living in Brasil for 8 years and although very aware of corruption and it's place in business and politics here in São Paulo (where I live), I have never made the connection to Carnaval. I would really like to hear/see more information. Thank you for a very interesting article.
Dresden
written by Guest, February 24, 2005
What mafia exactly???? Those rag-tag so-called 'organized' criminals that live in the favelas? HAHAHAHAHAHA!!! Organized criminals generally don't live in slums, that is the domain of the COMMON criminal - Rio being no exception. There appears to be very little obvious organized crime violence in Brazil. Most of what there is of it appears to be carried out by the police. I've also heard about organized crime murders in Sao Paulo that involves Koreans, this has far more of a ring of truth about it as the Koreans are very business-like and well educated.

And before you say that Rio's gangs are involved in drugs, most drug-related violence around the world is committed by common delinquents/criminals rather than organized crime. People often just lump it all together and classify it as 'organized', this is a myth. There is a lot of drug-related violence in Cali, Colombia at the moment, and ALL these murders are said to be committed by the local drug cartels. My bet would be that the clear majority of these killings have been done by the local street-level dealers i.e common thugs against their fellow slum dwellers, rather than organized crime going for each other and VIP's.
Your wrong
written by Guest, February 24, 2005
The drug gangs of Rio are very organized, if you would just do a little research you would find out. You are correct, the "real" gang leaders live in Barra, or other areas of Zona Sul, but the armies live in the favelas. Brazil is not a drug producer, therefore the drugs here come from Colombia, the Leaders of the Brazilian gangs are closley tied with the leaders of the Colombia Cartels. The PF just broke up an operation where the gangs (OK, I won't call them the mafia), were using Brazilian middle class youths, engaged in extreme sports to smuggle drugs to the vacation areas of Asia and to Europe. In Thailand, one was recnetly caught and sentenced to death...it's a big deal here. The ones going to Europe where taking cocaine and bringing back club drugs to sell to the rich kids. They arrested 8 kids, does not this sound organized to you. And where do kids who can't write their names, and barely speak Portuguese get the lastest in assualt weapons, grenades and mines...don't be fooled, these gangs are very organized, and powerful laywers, government officals, and bicheros are all involved.
Dresden
written by Guest, February 25, 2005
You may have a point there about organized crime figures who live OUTSIDE the favelas, but those within are disorganized. If this was Colombia then the favela gangs would be classed as bonafide 'common criminals'. I've done a lot of research on this subject, and one of the main reasons that Rio's favela gangs may be considered 'organized' is because Brazil doesn't suffer anything like the round-the-clock organized crime warfare of Colombia, Mexico and Russia. If it did then I think these favela gangs would be considered delinquents. As far as kids having this weaponry, this isn't unique to Rio, man. Other Latin American cities like Medellin, Colombia and San Salvador, El Salvador have had their common street gangs using RPG's, assault weapons and hand grenades.

The delinquent/common criminal gang problem has also been significantly worse in Medellin than Rio over the years, despite the diabolical underreporting and misleading focus on Colombia's organized crime and terrorist violence. Medellin's peak murder rate is 4 times that of Rio's highest, but this is skewed somewhat because Rio is a far larger city. I estimate the worst parts of Medellin to be around 85% worse than Rio's most violent sections, that is if you compare districts/suburbs with similar populations. Also, these common gangs are occasionally linked with organized crime. This certainly happened in Medellin, when Pablo Escobar chose some (quite a lot actually) 'street thugs' to be his 'sicarios'.

It also happens with the Jamaican yardies, I'm specifically referring to Jamaica here. The vast majority of yardie violence (again, despite being constantly classified as 'organized') is common delinquency committed by people who live in low-income areas. But there is another type of yardie, one that actually has political influence. A couple of years back they armed Kingston slum dwellers to fight the government, and terrorist-scale gunbattles rocked Kingston for several days. I do remember Rio having a number of 'terrorist-style' incidents a year or two ago, this CERTAINLY appeared organized. So maybe organized crime in Rio is growing.

But these favela kids are, for the most part at least, delinquents. Another tell-tale sign is that they consume drugs and alcohol heavily. They've all the hallmarks of the 'common criminal'.
...
written by Guest, February 27, 2005
Your premise that a criminal who resides in a slum or favela is no more than a thug is totally wrong. While the Colombian Cartels and The traditional Mafia may have more history and experience in running criminal enterprises, you cannot simply dismiss these guys as hapless thugs. It seems that the Rio govt surrendered the favelas to these guys some years back. As a result these "thugs" control every aspect of life in the favelas. Their power and influence have grown over the years , enabling them to bribe the P, MP and govt officials. To give u an example of how much money is involved--Rocihna (SP?) Rio's largest favela of nearly 200k residents-has a drug trade valued at $5 million a week!

The only time the PF acts is when the violence threatens to spill into the middle-class and tourists areas in Rio.
It\'s Organized.
written by Guest, March 03, 2005
I was in Rio, a couple of years back, when the gangs shut down Copa, Ipanema and other parts of the city. The few businesses allowed to stay open were the ones who were told so. That's not organized?
Carnaval
written by Guest, March 05, 2005
Sure, criminals profit from illegal gambling during carnaval.. It's terrible. If you saw what the criminals were doing for the rest of the year, you'd be happy to see them running illegal gambling operations and sticking to killing each other instead of the tourists.
This \'Organization\' Is Not Due To Fave
written by Guest, March 05, 2005
The fact of the matter is that these favela gangs are pretty much youths and unemployed young men. They're very similar to delinquent gangs in Medellin, San Pedro Sula or Cape Town, not at all like the drug cartels of Colombia or Mexico, or the Italian and Russian mafias. There's no central organization. The Brazilian authorities don't seem to know what organized crime actually is. These organized attacks are almost certainly the work of people who live in wealthier sections of Rio - people who have business interests, and possibly political influence. Very different from the favela gangs, who may OCCASIONALLY be linked with crime organizations.

The fact that these Rio gangs have 'disorganized' characteristics similar to most urban gangs worldwide, and the assertion that they're somehow 'organized' while similar types of gangs in Latin America and South Africa aren't - is ludicrous. Just because there may be the odd favela gang that's connected to mafia-type figures, doesn't make them organized. The Colombian authorities will tell you that. As far as this drug money in Rocinha is concerned, that didn't impress me at all. My immediate suspicion is that the media have twisted the story for a start. If these favela gangs really were making that amount of money - why are they living in SLUM housing???? Think about it.
Amman
written by Guest, March 21, 2005
Is'nt there a book? COnfessions of a Bichero or something?? smilies/smiley.gif
I just came from Rio
written by Guest, March 24, 2005
Rio has a bad rep**ation but it not as bad as its portrayed! I went to Carnaval 2005 in Rio! As soon as we left the airport I could see favelas in the distance. They build houses on top of eachother about 4 stories high with a roof porch. Sometimes, it looks like people live on the roof as well. The whole hill or mountain side is full of these shanty little houses but then a huge beautiful mansion will be right in the middle. I assume the drug lord owns this home. I would say its organized in Rio because many people are involved. The average thug in Brazil cannot get a lot of weapons or pounds of drugs. The average thug would be thinking of daily survival not the future. To me, it seemed a lot of people where living in the moment. The average thug probably doesn't have a car or the means to pull off elaborate crimes. It must be organized!

I never really explored a favela. But, when I went hang gliding the mountain/cliff we drove up has a favela. I could tell instantly, I asked the instructor Paulo if we were in a favela and he said "Yes, but it was a very nice one with electricity." Also, on Corvacodo where the statue of Christ is there is a favela when you are driving up in the train.

Honestly, crime was easy to avoid as tourist during Carnaval. Any human being with common sense can tell when you are in the wrong place. Places where the typical tourist goes are safe because other people are around. What does happen is that little children are looking for money and/or people are constantly trying to sell you something. That is not crime. They see this as tourism opportunity. I agree with the corruption, I saw police officers that looked so shady and up to no good. Things are very confusing and complicated for no reason. Its not North America or Europe and we should stop comparing it that. The problem is everywhere, they don't have the structure we have. They don't have has many laws or regulations. At night, you can run red lights and drive as fast as you want, you don't need working head lights or seat belts. In America, any one of those things would get you a driving ticket and eventually you couldn't drive that car till it was fixed.

When I went to the Rio Sul mall, many people work in one store. The store would be 6'x6' and have about 50 items for sale, but 10 people would be working there. 10 people to sell 50 shirts. The store was so small. Its totally different.

The parade was amazing and a saw the TV screen mentioned above, I had no idea that it was criminal they were honoring. They seem to honor many poeple. The parade would have old people in suits walking and they were being honored because they used to be in the parade. In my opinion, the problem will always exist in Brazil, because there is not much opportunity. Not every child is educated, there isn't enough jobs and the structure for utilities isn't there. It takes months to get a new home phone when you move. Brazil would have to start changing things from the ground up.

Brazil does not have any natural disasters that I know of. In America we do, and after a natural disaster happens we rebuild and renovate. In Brazil, it seemed that nothing gets rebuilt, when they don't want it anymore they leave it broken and move on. Old abandoned buildings are everywhere.

Gambling is only illegal when poor peopl
written by Guest, March 25, 2005
If and when the gambling turns into 'Carioca Millions' or some other state sponsored lottery, it will be quite legal.

In the US in Chicago, there was a system called 'Policy', which was similar to the 'pick 3' games you have in state lotteries today. Of course it was quite illegal, but it was so lucrative, eventually, the Italian Mafia muscled their way in:

http://www.suntimes.com/output/books/cst-nws-policy07.html

All this hand wringing is a bit melodramatic- as long as you have a brown or black person to point the finger at, you will be up in arms. Yet I dare you to find me a Favela where guns are manufactured or coca is grown and processed...and I dare you to find a resident of these same favelas who can import these same items from their country of origin.

Yet, when the light somehow shines on those who import the guns and the coke, those who are TRULY responsible for organized crime, its people like you who fall curiously silent.
Henry
written by Guest, May 18, 2005
Many gangs of common criminals own cars (often stolen) and are well-armed. Doesn't make them organized.
Soft Organized
written by Guest, May 18, 2005
As many things here in Brazil, we like to do things more or less efficient. Lazyness. But I would say that it is organized.
A political and cultural problem.
...
written by Guest, September 05, 2005
The favela gangs aren't organized. Why this is such a problem for some people to acknowledge I don't know. Any serious student of 'organized crime' will tell you that.
Cracker
written by Guest, October 27, 2005
How did Brasil get it's name? It was very good though.null
SHut up cracker
written by Guest, December 21, 2005
Theres more violence here in America then in other countries. I mean seriously this the only country with SERIAL KILLERS! And their all white! So violence, gangs, drugs, corruption, killings exsist everywhere but no where else greater then the U.S. Got it Lee Harvey!
What are you on about?
written by Guest, July 05, 2006
Brazil, not to mention Honduras, Colombia, South Africa etc. have far higher murder rates than the U.S. you fool...

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